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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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Six-headed coracobrachialis muscle.

N Zielinska1, Ł Olewnik2

  • 1Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. nicol.zielinska@stud.umed.lodz.pl.

Folia Morphologica
|October 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study details a rare six-headed coracobrachialis muscle variation. Understanding such anatomical anomalies is crucial for clinicians and anatomists.

Keywords:
additional headbiceps brachiiclinical implicationscompressioncoracobrachialis muscleembryologymorphological variationsquadriceps femoris

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Morphology
  • Human Anatomy

Background:

  • The coracobrachialis muscle, located in the anterior arm compartment, is known for its morphological variability.
  • It plays a role in shoulder joint flexion and abduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a six-headed coracobrachialis muscle.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing anatomical variations in this muscle.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical dissection and observation.
  • Detailed description of muscle origin, insertion, and nerve pathways.

Main Results:

  • A six-headed coracobrachialis muscle was identified, originating from a common junction with the short head of the biceps brachii.
  • All heads inserted into the medial humeral shaft.
  • The musculocutaneous nerve pierced the fourth head, with other heads receiving branches from it.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological variations of the coracobrachialis muscle, including extra heads, are significant.
  • Awareness of these variations is essential for anatomical studies and clinical practice.