Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface

740
When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
740
Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

8.6K
A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
8.6K
Plane Potential Flows01:23

Plane Potential Flows

503
Plane potential flows simplify fluid motion by assuming the fluid to be irrotational and incompressible. These characteristics allow these flows to be described by a velocity potential function, ϕ, representing the flow speed in a given direction, and a stream function, ψ, that visualizes the flow path, both governed by Laplace's equation. These parameters help in estimating flow patterns, velocity distributions, and pressure fields around various hydraulic structures.
Uniform...
503
Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface

2.2K
Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
2.2K
Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface01:16

Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface

293
In curved beams, unlike straight beams, the stress distribution across the cross-section is not uniform due to the beam's curvature. This non-uniformity arises because the neutral axis, where stress is zero, does not align with the centroid of the section. In a curved beam, the strain varies along the section as a function of the distance from the neutral axis.
Consider the curved member described in the previous lesson. According to Hooke's law, which relates stress to strain within...
293
Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

1.8K
When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
The pressure distribution on the plate can be calculated by determining the force that acts on a differential area strip of the plate. Thus, the magnitude of the force is equal to the...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Geometry-invariant optical properties of dielectric meta-atoms with antireflection coatings.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Huygens' principle and Hilbert integral to propagate wavefronts through chromatic separated doublets.

Applied optics·2026
Same author

String method for efficient design of metasurface-based optical systems.

Applied optics·2025
Same author

Invariant optical properties of dielectric nanofins in geometric phase metasurfaces.

Nanoscale·2025
Same author

Robust optical design of high-contrast vehicle headlamps with cylindrical lens array and inverted triangular beam pattern.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Image formation through aspheric concave Fresnel-type mirrors.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
08:02

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

Published on: February 11, 2020

9.1K

Ronchi-Hartmann type null screens for testing a plano-freeform surface with a detection plane inside a caustic

Jesús DelOlmo-Márquez, Gabriel Castillo-Santiago, Maximino Avendaño-Alejo

    Optics Express
    |October 7, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers precisely traced rays through a freeform optical surface, identifying critical points and caustic surfaces. This method accurately evaluated the surface shape, achieving a 6.3 μm RMS difference.

    More Related Videos

    Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
    09:58

    Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp

    Published on: February 3, 2014

    8.6K
    Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques
    07:16

    Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques

    Published on: October 20, 2023

    1.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

    Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
    08:02

    Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

    Published on: February 11, 2020

    9.1K
    Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
    09:58

    Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp

    Published on: February 3, 2014

    8.6K
    Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques
    07:16

    Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques

    Published on: October 20, 2023

    1.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Freeform optics offer advanced design possibilities but present challenges in precise characterization.
    • Accurate ray tracing and wavefront analysis are crucial for understanding light propagation through complex optical surfaces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To implement an exact ray trace for a plano-freeform surface with an incident plane wavefront.
    • To analyze the formation of caustic surfaces and critical points during ray propagation.
    • To evaluate the shape of a plano-freeform optical surface using a novel null screen method.

    Main Methods:

    • Exact ray tracing through a plano-freeform surface.
    • Identification and analysis of two caustic surfaces and their critical points.
    • Study of refracted wavefront propagation.
    • Application of a Ronchi-Hartmann type null screen for surface evaluation.

    Main Results:

    • Two distinct caustic surfaces were obtained from the ray tracing.
    • Critical points associated with the ray tracing process were identified.
    • The shape of the plano-freeform optical surface was evaluated with an RMS difference of 6.3 μm in sagitta.

    Conclusions:

    • The implemented exact ray trace method is effective for analyzing plano-freeform optics.
    • Wavefront propagation analysis aids in understanding optical performance.
    • The Ronchi-Hartmann null screen method provides accurate surface metrology for freeform optics.