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    This study introduces a new time synchronization method for satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution (QKD) using detected photons. It simplifies hardware, reduces costs, and enhances synchronization precision for secure quantum communication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communication Systems
    • Quantum Cryptography

    Background:

    • Time synchronization is critical for satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution (QKD).
    • Existing synchronization methods often require additional hardware to manage Doppler effects and unstable optical links.
    • This necessitates simpler, more cost-effective solutions for robust QKD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel time synchronization method for satellite-to-ground QKD.
    • To eliminate the need for extra hardware by utilizing detected quantum photons.
    • To improve synchronization precision and enhance the security of QKD systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented target frequency scanning for rapid frequency recovery.
    • Employed polynomial fitting to compensate for Doppler effect-induced time drift.
    • Utilized vacuum states within the decoy-state BB84 protocol for time offset recovery.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated a novel synchronization method based on detected quantum photons.
    • The new scheme simplifies hardware requirements, reducing complexity and cost.
    • Achieved improved synchronization precision by mitigating synchronization light jitter.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented method offers an effective synchronization solution for satellite-to-ground QKD.
    • This approach enhances the performance and security of quantum communication.
    • The scheme is feasible and validated through successful satellite-to-ground QKD experiments.