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Sea-surface reflectance factor: replicability of computed values.

Davide D'Alimonte, Tamito Kajiyama, Giuseppe Zibordi

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study quantifies sea-surface reflectance variability using radiative transfer simulations. Findings reveal increased reflectance variability with higher wind speeds and specific sun angles, impacting ocean color data accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ocean optics and remote sensing.
    • Radiative transfer theory.
    • Atmospheric and oceanic sciences.

    Background:

    • Accurate sea-surface reflectance (ρ) is crucial for above-water radiometric measurements in ocean color remote sensing.
    • Existing models for sky-radiance and sea-surface statistics influence ρ determination.
    • Understanding ρ variability is essential for validating satellite ocean color data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of various sky-radiance and sea-surface models on sea-surface reflectance factor (ρ) calculations.
    • To analyze the variability of ρ under different wind speeds and solar geometries.
    • To compare ρ values derived from Monte Carlo simulations with those from established models like Hydrolight.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Monte Carlo code for Ocean Color Simulations (MOX) at 550 nm.
    • Employed radiative transfer simulations incorporating diverse sky-radiance and sea-surface models.
    • Replicated measurement geometries recommended for satellite ocean color validation and operational measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Sea-surface reflectance factor (ρ) variability increases with wind speed.
    • Maximum ρ variability occurs at high wind speeds and specific solar elevations (near zenith or horizon).
    • Observed up to 2% ρ variability for wind speeds < 4 m/s and sun zenith angles > 20°.
    • Systematic differences were found when benchmarking MOX-derived ρ values against Hydrolight results.

    Conclusions:

    • Wind speed and solar geometry significantly influence sea-surface reflectance factor variability.
    • The findings highlight potential discrepancies in ocean color data validation due to model choices.
    • Further investigation into the sources of systematic differences between ρ calculation methods is warranted for improved field measurements and satellite data interpretation.