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Absolute frequency readout derived from ULE cavity for next generation geodesy missions.

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    Next-generation satellite geodesy missions require stable lasers. This study presents a method using an Ultra-Stable Oscillator (USO) and optical cavity to measure laser frequency drift, achieving 10 ppb stability over 10,000 seconds.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geodesy
    • Astrophysics
    • Optical Physics

    Background:

    • Future Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-like missions depend on inter-spacecraft laser interferometry.
    • Laser frequency stability is critical for measuring local gravity and long-term mass changes (water/ice) from space.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a simple phase modulation scheme for measuring long-term laser frequency variations.
    • To assess laser frequency stability for next-generation satellite geodesy missions.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparing an on-board Ultra-Stable Oscillator (USO) frequency reference to the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of an optical cavity.
    • Utilizing a phase modulation scheme to directly measure laser frequency change.
    • Calculating a scale correction factor for a laser locked to a specific longitudinal mode.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved fractional absolute laser frequency stability at the 10 ppb (10^-8) level.
    • Demonstrated stability over time scales greater than 10,000 seconds.
    • The results indicate suitability for future mission requirements.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed phase modulation scheme effectively measures long-term laser frequency drift.
    • The achieved laser frequency stability meets the stringent requirements for next-generation satellite geodesy missions.