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Multi-beam and multi-mode orbital angular momentum by utilizing a single metasurface.

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    This study introduces a novel metasurface capable of generating multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams with distinct directions and modes. This breakthrough offers potential for advanced terahertz communication systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
    • Terahertz (THz) Technology
    • Electromagnetics

    Background:

    • Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams offer unique properties for advanced wave manipulation.
    • Metasurfaces provide a powerful platform for controlling electromagnetic waves with subwavelength structures.
    • Terahertz (THz) frequencies present opportunities for high-capacity communication but require sophisticated beam control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and design a novel metasurface for simultaneous generation of multi-beam, multi-mode OAM beams.
    • To achieve pre-designed different reflection directions for OAM beams.
    • To explore the potential of the designed metasurface in terahertz communication applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of a unit cell comprising a hollow cross of Jesus structure, PTFE substrate, and gold bottom plate.
    • Derivation of phase gradient distribution theory for metasurface design.
    • Numerical simulations to verify the generation of OAM beams with specific modes and directions at THz frequencies.

    Main Results:

    • The metasurface successfully generated two OAM beams (l=1) and four OAM beams (l=-1) at 1 THz for x-(y-) polarized incidence.
    • At 1.3 THz, it produced two OAM beams (l=-2) and one OAM beam (l=2) for x-(y-) polarized incidence.
    • Demonstrated simultaneous multi-beam and multi-mode OAM beam generation with distinct reflection directions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multifunctional OAM metasurface effectively generates multiple OAM beams with controllable modes and directions.
    • Each OAM mode can serve as an independent digital information channel, enhancing communication capacity.
    • The developed metasurface shows significant promise for future high-capacity terahertz communication systems.