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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Published on: March 11, 2020

Human neocortical expansion involves glutamatergic neuron diversification.

Jim Berg¹, Staci A Sorensen¹, Jonathan T Ting^1,2

¹Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.

|October 7, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human neocortex exhibits greater neuron diversity than mouse, particularly in supragranular layers. Patch-seq analysis reveals distinct glutamatergic neuron types, some vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease.

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The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 14, 2013

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Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Published on: March 11, 2020

Synaptic Microcircuit Modeling with 3D Cocultures of Astrocytes and Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Published on: August 16, 2018

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: April 14, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genomics
Cell Biology

Background:

The human neocortex is significantly larger than the mouse neocortex, with expanded supragranular layers.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveal increased glutamatergic neuron diversity and depth-dependent gradients in the human neocortex.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functional and anatomical characteristics of transcriptomic neuron diversity in the human neocortex.
To correlate morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic phenotypes of human supragranular neurons.

Main Methods:

Development of a Patch-seq platform combining patch clamp recording, biocytin staining, and single-cell RNA sequencing.
Analysis of neurosurgically resected human cortical tissues.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a strong correlation between morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic profiles of five human glutamatergic supragranular neuron types.
Identified distinct cell types in deep layer 3, including two expressing a neurofilament protein linked to long-range projection neurons.
Observed one neuron type with continuously varying phenotypes across layers 2 and 3.

Conclusions:

Transcriptomic cell-type classification effectively explains observed neuron phenotypes.
The findings provide a structural basis for the enhanced complexity of human cortical function.
Specific transcriptomic neuron types are identified as potentially vulnerable in diseases like Alzheimer's.