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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

An Olfactory Preference Test for Measuring Olfactory Hedonic Biases in Mouse Models of Depression
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An Olfactory Preference Test for Measuring Olfactory Hedonic Biases in Mouse Models of Depression

Published on: July 11, 2025

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Relationship between depression and olfactory sensory function: a review.

Anna Athanassi1, Romane Dorado Doncel1, Kevin G Bath2,3

  • 1INSERM, U1028; Centre National de la Recherche Scientific, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Neuroplasticity and Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon, University Lyon 1, F-69000, France.

Chemical Senses
|October 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered sense of smell is linked to depression. This review explores whether smell changes cause depression or vice versa, using human and animal studies to understand the neural basis.

Keywords:
depressionhumansolfactory perceptionrodent models

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Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Sensory Biology

Background:

  • Established link between olfactory sensory function and mood states, including depression.
  • Disruptions in olfaction can elicit disordered mood, serving as a model for depression.
  • Limited understanding of the directionality and neural underpinnings of the olfaction-mood relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on olfactory performance in human depression and rodent models.
  • To explore the relationship between altered mood and olfactory sensory function.
  • To identify future research directions for understanding the interplay between depression and olfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human clinical studies on depression and olfaction.
  • Analysis of rodent models exhibiting depressive-like behaviors and olfactory assessments.
  • Synthesis of findings from both human and animal research.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory sensory dysfunction is a consistent finding in depression.
  • Animal models offer insights into the neural basis and causality of olfactory changes in depression.
  • Potential predictive markers and cellular mechanisms of olfactory impairment in depression are being identified.

Conclusions:

  • Animal models are crucial for dissecting the complex relationship between depression and olfactory function.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the directionality and neural mechanisms involved.
  • Understanding this interplay may reveal novel therapeutic targets for mood disorders.