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Overview of Cell Death01:30

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Single-cell evidence for PANoptosome complexes.

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Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
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Programming inflammatory cell death for therapy.

Shelbi Christgen1, Rebecca E Tweedell1, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti1

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|October 7, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are crucial for development and immunity but can cause disease when dysregulated. Targeting innate immune-mediated cell death, like PANoptosis, offers therapeutic potential for various conditions.

Keywords:
ASCApoptosisCaspase-1Caspase-3Caspase-8IFNγIL-1InflammasomeInflammationMLKLNLRP3NecroptosisPANoptosisPANoptosomePyroptosisRIPK1RIPK3TNFαZBP1caspase-7

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) is vital for development, homeostasis, and host defense.
  • Dysregulated PCD, either excessive or resistant, contributes to numerous diseases.
  • Innate immune-mediated PCD pathways include apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of innate immune-mediated cell death.
  • To focus on the PANoptosome and inflammatory cell death induction.
  • To discuss therapeutic targeting of these pathways for disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms in cell death.
  • Analysis of signaling cascades and protein complex formation (e.g., PANoptosome).
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies and clinical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Innate immune pathways like pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis are tightly regulated.
  • Specific molecules are involved in forming the PANoptosome, a platform for inflammatory cell death.
  • Targeting these cell death regulators presents therapeutic opportunities.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating innate immune-mediated cell death pathways holds significant therapeutic promise.
  • Understanding the PANoptosome and related molecules is key for developing novel treatments.
  • Careful selection of therapeutic targets is crucial for successful disease intervention.