Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 17, 2025
08:05
A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence
Published on: March 23, 2022
2.7K
Risk Assessment and Post-Release Recidivism in a Sample of Juvenile Homicide Offenders
James T Hubbell1, Kathleen M Heide2, Norair Khachatryan2
1University at Albany, State University of New York, USA.
Summary
Recent juvenile justice rulings prompt questions about released offenders. Criminology research found that risk scores did not predict recidivism in male juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs).
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Juvenile Justice
- Forensic Psychology
Background:
- Recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions address the constitutionality of life sentences for juveniles.
- This has raised critical questions about the long-term adjustment and recidivism risk of these offenders upon release.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the predictive validity of the Youth Level of Supervision/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment tool.
- To assess recidivism rates among released male juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) sentenced as adults.
Main Methods:
- Calculated risk scores for 59 male JHOs using the eight domains of the YLS/CMI.
- Analyzed recidivism (general arrests and violent offenses) in 48 released JHOs using chi-square analyses.
Main Results:
- Risk scores derived from the YLS/CMI failed to predict general recidivism.
- Risk scores also failed to predict violent recidivism among the released JHOs.
Conclusions:
- The YLS/CMI may not be a reliable predictor of recidivism for this specific population of juvenile homicide offenders.
- Further research is needed to identify more effective methods for assessing the risk of released juvenile offenders.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
201
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
201
01:28Conduct Disorder
178
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
178
01:12Relative Risk
537
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
537
01:24Antisocial Personality Disorder
236
Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
Behavioral Characteristics and...
Behavioral Characteristics and...
236
01:47Aggression
28.5K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
28.5K
01:08Timing and Consequences on Behavior
176
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective.
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
176