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Intracerebroventricular and Intravascular Injection of Viral Particles and Fluorescent Microbeads into the Neonatal Brain

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Encephalitis and Brain Abscess.

Arun Venkatesan

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)

|October 8, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers brain infections like encephalitis and abscesses, noting changing epidemiology and improved diagnostics. Despite advances, these conditions remain serious and require multidisciplinary care for optimal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Infectious Diseases
Neuroscience

Background:

Epidemiology of brain infections (encephalitis, abscess) is evolving due to vaccination, changing pathogen distribution, and increased immunosuppression.
Opportunistic brain infections are rising in immunocompromised patients.
Advances in neuroimaging, diagnostics, and therapeutics have improved outcomes but mortality remains significant.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic approach, and management of infectious encephalitis and brain abscess.
To highlight recent changes in the landscape of parenchymal brain infections.
To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on infectious encephalitis and brain abscess.
Analysis of epidemiological trends and emerging pathogens.
Discussion of diagnostic methodologies, including novel technologies like metagenomic next-generation sequencing.
Overview of current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

Vaccination and reduced otogenic infections have altered incidence rates.
Climate and population changes facilitate new and expanded pathogen ranges.
Increased use of immunosuppression raises risk of opportunistic infections.
Improved diagnostics and treatments lead to better outcomes, though mortality persists.

Conclusions:

Infectious encephalitis and brain abscess are neurologic emergencies requiring prompt evaluation and empiric treatment.
Accurate diagnosis, tailored therapy, and close follow-up are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
Multidisciplinary collaboration among neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, infectious disease specialists, and pathologists is essential for complex cases.