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Severe bronchiolitis profiles and risk of asthma development in Finnish children

Orianne Dumas1, Riku Erkkola2, Eija Bergroth3

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, 94807, Villejuif, France.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 8, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Infants with a severe bronchiolitis profile, marked by wheezing history, eczema, and rhinovirus, face a higher risk of developing childhood asthma. This finding highlights specific risk factors for asthma development post-bronchiolitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric respiratory medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical immunology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is diagnosed in infants, with severe cases showing distinct profiles linked to recurrent wheezing.
  • The association between these severe bronchiolitis profiles and the development of actual childhood asthma remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between severe bronchiolitis profiles, identified through clustering, and the subsequent risk of childhood asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Latent class analysis identified 3 bronchiolitis profiles in 408 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis.
  • Children were followed for 4 and 7 years using questionnaires and a social insurance database to assess asthma diagnosis.
  • Asthma was defined by regular use or purchase of asthma control medication.

Main Results:

  • Profile A (47%), characterized by wheezing history, eczema, and rhinovirus, showed an increased risk of current asthma at 4-year (OR=2.42) and 7-year (OR=3.14) follow-ups compared to profile BC.
  • Profile BC (38%) represented severely ill infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.
  • Profile D (15%) included the least ill children, primarily with rhinovirus infection, and showed no significant difference in asthma risk compared to profile BC.

Conclusions:

  • A specific severe bronchiolitis profile, including a history of wheezing/eczema and rhinovirus infection, is associated with an increased risk of developing childhood asthma.
  • These findings support the link between distinct bronchiolitis phenotypes and asthma development.
Abstract

Keywords:
Respiratory infectionsasthmacluster analysisrespiratory syncytial virusrhinovirus

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