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Retirement Type and Cognitive Functioning in Japan.

Masaaki Mizuochi1, James M Raymo2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partial retirement with the same employer negatively impacts cognitive function. However, full retirement or new employment after retirement shows no adverse cognitive effects, with new jobs potentially boosting cognition.

Keywords:
Causal estimationCognitionEmploymentRetirement

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sociology of Retirement

Background:

  • The impact of retirement on cognitive function is increasingly studied.
  • However, the nuances of different retirement pathways, particularly gradual retirement, remain underexplored.
  • Gradual retirement, involving continued employment post-career, is a growing trend.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of full, partial (same employer), and partial (new employer) retirement on cognitive function.
  • To examine the moderating role of career job complexity in the retirement-cognition relationship.
  • To leverage unique aspects of Japanese retirement systems for causal inference.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (50+ years).
  • Compared cognitive function across distinct retirement types: full, partial (same employer), partial (new employer), and pre-retirement.
  • Employed methods to estimate the causal impact of retirement transitions on cognitive outcomes, considering job complexity.

Main Results:

  • Partial retirement with the same employer was associated with a significant decline in cognitive function.
  • Full retirement and partial retirement with a new employer showed no significant difference in cognitive function compared to pre-retirement.
  • Partial retirement with a new employer demonstrated cognitive benefits for individuals with high-complexity prior careers.

Conclusions:

  • Novel work experiences and exposures appear to positively influence cognitive function.
  • Policies encouraging partial retirement with the same employer may inadvertently have negative consequences for cognitive health.
  • The nature of post-career employment significantly modulates cognitive trajectories in older adults.