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Reflected appraisals across multiple reference groups: Discrepancies in self and individual delinquency.

Kyle Thomas1, Jennifer O'Neill2

  • 1Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, 173 Ketchum, USA.

Social Science Research
|October 10, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Multiple reference groups impact delinquency by weakening the influence of any single group's appraisals. Stronger attachments to roles, like with parents, can paradoxically lessen their influence on rule-violating behavior.

Keywords:
Reflected appraisalsdelinquencymultiple reference groups

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Sociology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Symbolic interactionism posits that behavior is shaped by social interactions and perceptions.
  • Delinquency is often explained by an individual's interpretations of how significant others view them (reflected appraisals).
  • The influence of these appraisals may differ based on the number and nature of social groups an individual belongs to.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how multiple reference groups affect symbolic interactionist theories of delinquency.
  • To test if dissimilarity in reflected appraisals across groups weakens the impact of a single group's views on behavior.
  • To examine if time spent and attachment to roles within reference groups moderate the influence of reflected appraisals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Youth Survey.
  • Employed statistical analyses to assess the relationships between reflected appraisals, reference group dissimilarity, role involvement, and delinquent behavior.
  • Tested hypotheses derived from symbolic interactionist theory.

Main Results:

  • Findings largely supported symbolic interactionist predictions.
  • Dissimilarity in reflected appraisals across multiple reference groups was found to weaken the influence of any single group's appraisals on behavior.
  • Greater time spent and stronger attachment to roles within a reference group correlated with stronger links between appraisals and delinquency.
  • Contrary to hypotheses, strong parental role attachment weakened the influence of parental appraisals on rule-violating behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms that the complexity of an individual's social network, specifically multiple reference groups, is crucial for understanding delinquency.
  • Reflected appraisals from different groups have a nuanced impact, moderated by group dissimilarity and individual role investment.
  • The findings highlight the dynamic interplay between social perceptions, group affiliations, and adolescent behavior, with specific implications for understanding parental influence.