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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
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PPAR-γ Modulators as Current and Potential Cancer Treatments.

Tiange Chi1,2, Mina Wang1,3, Xu Wang1

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|October 11, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) shows promise in cancer treatment by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. However, clinical application of PPAR-γ modulators requires careful consideration of safety and dosage for effective cancer management.

Keywords:
PPAR-γPPAR-γ agonistsPPAR-γ antagonistsPPAR-γ modulatorscancer treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading global cause of mortality.
  • Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are key regulators of lipid metabolism, immunity, and inflammation.
  • Emerging evidence highlights PPARs' role in cancer biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of PPAR-γ in cancer.
  • To explore current and potential applications of PPAR-γ modulators in cancer treatment.
  • To discuss challenges associated with PPAR-γ modulator therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of laboratory and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of PPAR-γ's transcriptional and protein-level effects.
  • Evaluation of safety and efficacy data for PPAR-γ modulators.

Main Results:

  • PPAR-γ inhibits cancer cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and promotes cell adhesion.
  • PPAR-γ modulates the tumor microenvironment and inflammation.
  • PPAR-γ modulators demonstrate multi-functionality in preclinical cancer models.

Conclusions:

  • PPAR-γ is a promising therapeutic target in oncology.
  • Further research is needed to optimize PPAR-γ modulator safety and efficacy.
  • PPAR-γ modulators hold potential for diverse cancer treatment strategies.