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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
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The Relationship Between Nutrition Impact Symptoms, Intake Status, and Systemic Inflammation for Cancer Patients.

Hongting Xie1, Mingtong Zong2, Quan Sun3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Cancer Management and Research
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cancer-related malnutrition (CRM) is characterized by nutrition impact symptoms (NIS). This study identified 4 NIS clusters, with 2 linked to systemic inflammation and intake, aiding precise CRM patient classification and management.

Keywords:
cancer-related malnutritionintake statusnutrition impact symptomsymptomatic clusterssystemic inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Cancer-related malnutrition (CRM) presents significant challenges due to nutrition impact symptoms (NIS), reduced intake, and systemic inflammation (SI).
  • Precise phenotyping of CRM is crucial for understanding etiological mechanisms and improving patient classification.
  • Current classification methods may not fully capture the complexity of CRM's symptomatic presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To utilize NIS as a phenotype for exploring CRM's etiological mechanisms.
  • To develop a more precise classification system for CRM patients based on symptomatic clusters.
  • To identify correlations between NIS clusters, systemic inflammation, and nutritional status.

Main Methods:

  • 147 CRM patients were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify NIS clusters and their regression factor scores (RFS).
  • Statistical analyses including Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and regression analysis were employed to examine relationships between RFS, nutritional markers, SI, and intake.
  • Two-step cluster analysis was performed to group patients based on identified NIS factors.

Main Results:

  • EFA identified 4 NIS factors. RFS-1 and RFS-2 showed significant correlations with various anthropometric (e.g., mid-arm circumference, calf circumference) and biochemical markers (e.g., hemoglobin, albumin, pre-albumin).
  • Both RFS-1 and RFS-2 were significantly associated with markers of systemic inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII).
  • Cluster analysis revealed 3 patient groups with distinct profiles regarding anthropometrics, inflammation markers, and risk of anorexia or decreased intake.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified 4 NIS clusters, with two demonstrating significant links to systemic inflammation and intake status.
  • A robust phenotypic framework comprising 3 potential patient groups was established, addressing a critical gap in CRM research.
  • These findings provide a standardized phenotypic tool for future multi-center analyses, potentially enhancing CRM prevention, treatment, and clinical management.