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Updated: Oct 17, 2025
Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
Published on: April 11, 2018
Musculoskeletal ambulation disability symptom complex as a risk factor of incident bone fragility fracture
Ichiro Yoshii1, Tatsumi Chijiwa2, Naoya Sawada3
1Department of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Yoshii Hospital, Shimanto City, 787-0033, Kochi Prefecture, Japan.
Objectives:
Influence of presenting musculoskeletal ambulation disability symptom complex (MADS) on occurrence of bone fragility fracture (BFF) is investigated with retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
A total of 931 subjects joined in the study. Subjects were selected as bone fragility risk positive in the fracture assessment tool questionnaire. Their assumed risk factors were harvested from the medical records and X-ray pictures. They were followed up at least 8 years consecutively, and occurrence of incident BFF was set as primary endpoint. Each assumed risk factor including MADS was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to presence of MADS (G-MADS and G-noMADS). Adjusted hazard ratios between the 2 groups was evaluated using Cox regression analysis. The statistical procedures were performed before and after propensity score matching (PSM) procedures in order to make parallel with assumed risk factors.
Results:
Statistically significant risk factors within 5% were prevalent vertebral body fracture, disuse, MADS, cognitive disorder, hypertension, contracture, Parkinsonism, being female sex, hyperlipidemia, insomnia, T-score in the femoral neck ≤ -2.3, chronic kidney disease ≥ stage 2, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, glucocorticoid steroid administrated, and osteoarthritis in order of the adjusted hazard ratios (from highest to lowest). Adjusted hazard ratios between G-MADS and G-noMADS were 2.70 and 1.83 for before and after PSM, respectively.
Conclusions:
MADS demonstrated as a significant risk factor of BFF occurrence. In treating osteoporosis, fall risk should be aware of as well as bone fragility risk.
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