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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
Published on: July 3, 2020
Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Modified by Almond Shells
Kexin Chen1,2, Xue Cheng1,2, Yuzhu Chen1,2
1College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
Abstract:
Almond shell-modified urea-formaldehyde resins (AUF) were prepared in this study. The optimal addition amount of almond shells was selected by formaldehyde emission and wet shear strength. The activation energy (E a) values at different conversion rates and the reaction kinetics were estimated based on the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. The results indicated that almond shells can significantly reduce the formaldehyde emission and increase wet shear strength and thermal stability of the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive. The optimal addition of almond shells is 3 wt %.
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