Acute Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Tobruk, Eastern Libya: Increasing Trends After 2017

Acute hepatitis A is a self-limited liver inflammation caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. The infection is transmitted by direct contact from person to person via fecal-oral routes, or through consuming contaminated food and water. This study aims to estimate the frequency of HAV infection from medical records of Tobruk Medical Center, eastern Libya and its distribution during 6 years. The medical records department of Tobruk Medical Center follows guidelines of the international classification of diseases-10 for coding the diseases. The research estimates the frequency and distribution of HAV infection based on age and sex during the period from January 2015 to December 2020. HAV screening assay was performed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays HAV IgM microwell. 245 cases were recorded, 53.5% of cases were males. HAV infection was the most prevalent (92.6%) in age groups of < 5-20 years. A significant rise in the occurrence of HAV infection in the last three years was reported (p < 0.05). More than half of the cases (68%) were reported in 2019 and 2020. No case fatality rate was reported in the present study. There is an increase in the frequency of HAV infection in the last 3 years and the younger age groups (under 20 years old) are more vulnerable to HAV infection. More prevention and control efforts towards this age group should be a top public health priority to avoid the possibility of HAV outbreaks in the future.