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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Climate Science
  • Aerosol Science

Background:

  • The influence of cosmic ray-induced atmospheric ionization on cloud formation and Earth's energy budget remains debated.
  • A substantial impact on clouds should manifest as detectable changes in the planet's net radiative balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between atmospheric ionization levels and Earth's radiative balance.
  • To determine if observed changes in ionization correlate with measurable variations in cloud properties and energy budget.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of satellite data, specifically CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) observations.
  • Correlation analysis between week-long decreases in atmospheric ionization and corresponding changes in the net radiative balance.
  • Examination of simultaneous satellite cloud observations to identify associated cloud property variations.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation was found between strong week-long decreases in atmospheric ionization and changes in the net radiative balance (average 1.7 W/m², median 1.2 W/m²).
  • These radiative balance changes were primarily attributed to variations in short-wave radiation from low liquid clouds, with minor long-wave radiation adjustments.
  • The observed effects were predominantly located over pristine oceanic regions.

Conclusions:

  • Atmospheric ionization appears to modulate aerosol formation and growth, influencing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation.
  • This modulation ultimately affects cloud formation and, consequently, temporarily alters Earth's radiative balance.
  • The findings provide evidence supporting a link between cosmic ray ionization, aerosol-cloud interactions, and climate regulation.