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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Differences in executive abilities rather than associative processes contribute to memory development.

Nils C J Müller1, Nils Kohn1, Mariët van Buuren2

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Human Brain Mapping
|October 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

Keywords:
executive abilitiesfMRImedial prefrontal cortexmemory development

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Children's learning capabilities evolve with age.
  • The two-component model differentiates associative and strategic memory processes.
  • Understanding developmental changes in memory is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how associative and strategic memory components influence memory performance across development.
  • To examine the neural underpinnings of memory development using fMRI.
  • To assess the role of prior knowledge (schemas) in memory across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI study using an object-location association paradigm.
  • Tested three age groups: children (10-12 years), late adolescents (18 years), and adults (25+ years).
  • Analyzed brain activity (dmPFC, angular gyrus) and retrieval performance, considering schema utilization.

Main Results:

  • Children showed lower retrieval performance than adolescents and adults.
  • Schema utilization benefited all groups equally, with no significant age differences.
  • Performance differences correlated with dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) deactivation, linked to executive functioning, which was less pronounced in children.
  • Angular gyrus activity predicted memory performance across all age groups, indicating no age-related differences in the associative component.

Conclusions:

  • Memory performance differences between children, adolescents, and adults are primarily driven by the development of the strategic (executive) component, not the associative component.
  • The maturation of executive functions, reflected in dmPFC activity, plays a key role in enhancing memory performance during development.
  • The associative component, supported by the angular gyrus, appears to function similarly across these age groups.