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Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Efficient Polyethylene Glycol PEG Mediated Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens
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Autopolyploidization affects transcript patterns and gene targeting frequencies in Physcomitrella.

Christine Rempfer1,2, Gertrud Wiedemann1,3, Gabriele Schween1,4

  • 1Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.

Plant Cell Reports
|October 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Whole-genome duplication in Physcomitrella mosses altered gene expression, significantly reducing gene targeting (GT) efficiency. This study reveals how polyploidy impacts DNA repair pathways and genetic modification success in plants.

Keywords:
DNA repairGene targetingMossPhyscomitriumProtoplast regenerationWhole genome duplication

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Whole-genome duplication (WGD) events can alter gene expression and biological mechanisms.
  • Angiosperms primarily use non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, while mosses like Physcomitrella utilize homologous recombination (HR).
  • HR is crucial for precise foreign DNA integration via gene targeting (GT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of autopolyploidization (artificial WGD) on gene expression patterns in Physcomitrella.
  • To assess the effect of altered ploidy on gene targeting (GT) efficiency in Physcomitrella.
  • To understand the relationship between gene expression changes, DNA repair pathways, and GT efficiency in response to WGD.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of autodiploid Physcomitrella plants through artificial WGD.
  • Transfection of protoplasts with a GT construct.
  • Analysis of gene expression using microarrays and SuperSAGE sequencing at various time points post-transfection.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 3.7% of protein-encoding genes showed differential expression following WGD.
  • An upregulation of XRCC4, a key NHEJ gene, was observed among differentially expressed DNA repair genes.
  • Autodiploid plants exhibited significantly suppressed GT efficiency, achieving only one-third of the expected rates compared to haploid controls.

Conclusions:

  • WGD in Physcomitrella leads to significant alterations in global gene expression, including genes involved in DNA repair.
  • The observed changes in gene expression correlate with a substantial decrease in HR-mediated GT efficiency in autodiploid mosses.
  • These findings highlight the influence of ploidy on genome stability and the efficacy of genetic modification strategies in plants with different life cycle strategies.