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Potential Biomarkers Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Pathology.

Deepali Mathur1, Bikash Kumar Mishra1, Soumyashree Rout1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Apollo Hospitals, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biomarkers aid in diagnosing and managing multiple sclerosis (MS) by reflecting disease activity and treatment response. This review explores current biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and imaging for MS clinical practice.

Keywords:
biomarkersdiagnosticmultiple sclerosispredictiveprognosistreatment response monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex central nervous system (CNS) disease characterized by immune cell interactions, leading to inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration.
  • The heterogeneity of MS clinical subtypes presents diagnostic challenges and complicates treatment selection.
  • Biomarkers are crucial for simplifying MS diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluating treatment efficacy due to their rapid measurement, specificity, and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To analyze biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood serum, and advanced imaging techniques.
  • To discuss the criteria and challenges for adopting biomarkers in routine clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on MS biomarkers.
  • Analysis of biomarkers reflecting various pathological processes including neuroaxonal damage, gliosis, demyelination, and remyelination.
  • Evaluation of imaging biomarkers currently used in clinical settings.

Main Results:

  • Biomarkers are classified based on their application: susceptibility, diagnosis, prognosis, disease activity, and treatment response.
  • Identified biomarkers indicate diverse MS pathologies, including neuroaxonal damage, gliosis, and demyelination.
  • CSF, blood serum, and imaging biomarkers show significant promise for MS management.

Conclusions:

  • Biomarkers offer valuable tools for improving the diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis.
  • Further research and validation are needed to establish standardized biomarkers for daily clinical use.
  • The development of reliable biomarkers is essential for personalized treatment strategies in MS.