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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
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Stroke and Athletes: A Scoping Review.

Patricia K Doyle-Baker1,2,3, Timothy Mitchell1, K Alix Hayden4

  • 1Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Athletes experiencing headaches, head trauma, or neck injuries may be at risk for stroke. Sports involving impact or collision, like American football, are associated with these cerebrovascular events.

Keywords:
artery dissectionathletescerebrovascular accident or strokehead traumaheadaches

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) is uncommon in young adults but poorly understood in athletes.
  • Neurovascular injury risk may vary by sport, yet incidence rates are unknown.
  • A gap exists in understanding sport-related stroke, necessitating a comprehensive review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review on stroke in athletes.
  • To summarize existing research on cerebrovascular accidents in a defined athlete population.
  • To inform the development of a context-specific stroke model for athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage scoping review process.
  • Searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SportDiscus, Scopus) from 1979-2020.
  • Included studies on stroke or cerebrovascular accident in athletes across nine countries.

Main Results:

  • Identified 39 cases of stroke in athletes aged 14-56 (95% male).
  • Preceding events included headaches (38.4%), head trauma (30.7%), and neck injury/vertebral artery dissection (20.5%).
  • American football was the most prevalent sport (30.7%), highlighting risks in impact/collision sports.

Conclusions:

  • Sports involving impact, collision, or microtrauma can precipitate stroke in athletes.
  • Delayed diagnosis is common due to the interval between trauma and ischemic events.
  • Healthcare providers must consider stroke in athletes presenting with or without neurological deficits, especially after trauma.