Fiber Optic Sensors Based on the Faraday Effect.

Area of Science:

• Physics
• Materials Science
• Electrical Engineering

Background:

• The Faraday effect, discovered 175 years ago, describes magnetic circular birefringence.
• Fiber optic sensors (FOS) leverage the Faraday effect for magnetic field sensing, crucial for high-voltage current measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the obstacles and technological limits in developing Faraday effect-based fiber optic sensors.
• To explore solutions and advancements for high-performance magnetometry in smart grids.

Main Methods:

• Review of historical developments and recent advancements in Faraday effect magnetometry.
• Analysis of signal processing and temperature dependence challenges in FOS.
• Investigation of artificial structures for enhanced Faraday rotation.

Main Results:

• Optical telecommunication advancements have eased FOS design and manufacturing.
• Progress has been made in resolving signal processing and temperature dependence issues.
• Artificial structures show potential for significantly improving Faraday rotation.

Conclusions:

• Faraday effect FOS are promising for smart grid applications, particularly for high-voltage current sensing.
• While significant challenges remain for commercialization, ongoing research and technological integration are key.
• Future developments in artificial structures will further enhance sensor performance.