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Ammonia Generation System for Poultry Health Research Using Arduino.

Dan Hofstetter1, Eileen Fabian1, A Gino Lorenzoni2

  • 1Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA.

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Summary

A novel ammonia gas (NH3) generator system was developed for controlled environment chambers. This system accurately maintains elevated ammonia levels, crucial for studying poultry health and improving animal welfare in agricultural research.

Keywords:
ArduinoMQ-137NH3ammoniacontrolsgas sensorpoultryultrasonic humidifier

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Environmental Science
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Sustained exposure to elevated ammonia gas (NH3) levels in controlled environments poses risks to poultry health.
  • Accurate monitoring and control of ammonia gas concentrations are essential for poultry research and welfare studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an ammonia gas (NH3) generator capable of maintaining a consistent concentration within a controlled environment chamber.
  • To facilitate research on poultry physiological responses to sustained elevated ammonia gas levels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of an ammonia gas (NH3) generator using ultrasonic humidifiers, an Arduino microcontroller, and an MQ-137 ammonia gas sensor.
  • Integration of the generator into a controlled environment chamber with recirculation and exhaust systems.
  • Calibration and performance evaluation using an infrared gas analyzer and varying ammonia liquid concentrations (2% and 10%).

Main Results:

  • The developed ammonia gas (NH3) generator system demonstrated high accuracy, with sensor readings within 1.4% of a reference analyzer.
  • A configuration of two generators with 2% ammonia solution maintained 49.45 ± 0.79 ppm for 30 hours.
  • A single generator with 10% ammonia solution sustained 51.24 ± 1.53 ppm for 195 hours.
  • During a six-week animal health experiment, the generators maintained average concentrations of 46.42 ± 3.81 ppm and 45.63 ± 4.95 ppm.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ammonia gas (NH3) generator system is effective for maintaining stable, elevated ammonia concentrations in controlled environment chambers.
  • The system provides a reliable tool for long-term poultry research investigating the physiological effects of ammonia exposure.
  • This technology supports advancements in animal welfare and management strategies within the poultry industry.