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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

9.7K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Experimental Designs01:16

Experimental Designs

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An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
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Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

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A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
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Blinding01:11

Blinding

3.5K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Cochran's Q Test01:17

Cochran's Q Test

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Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Virtual Prism Adaptation Therapy: Protocol for Validation in Healthy Adults
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Pragmatic trials - what are they?

Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken, Aksel Paulsen, Ashwini Sethupathy

    Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
    |October 13, 2021
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    Summary

    Pragmatic clinical trials use real-world data from diverse patients in everyday medical settings. These studies help connect scientific evidence with actual patient care.

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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Research
    • Health Services Research

    Background:

    • Evidence-based medicine relies on rigorous trials but may not reflect real-world patient populations.
    • Bridging the gap between research findings and routine clinical practice is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define the role and characteristics of pragmatic clinical trials.
    • To highlight how these trials integrate evidence-based medicine into clinical practice.

    Main Methods:

    • Pragmatic clinical trials analyze data collected during routine clinical care.
    • Patient selection mirrors the unselected populations encountered in typical medical settings.

    Main Results:

    • Data from pragmatic trials offer a realistic view of treatment effectiveness and safety.
    • These trials enhance the generalizability of research findings to diverse patient groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Pragmatic clinical trials are essential for translating evidence-based medicine into effective clinical practice.
    • They provide valuable insights by using unselected patients from common clinical settings.