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Air pollution and pediatric respiratory hospital admissions in Bursa, Turkey: A time series study

Eda Ünal1, Aysel Özdemir2, Narges Khanjani3

  • 1Department of Nursing, Bursa Uludag University Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey.

International Journal of Environmental Health Research
|October 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Air pollution, including sulfur dioxide and ozone, significantly increases childhood hospitalizations for pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis in Bursa. Short-term exposure poses a notable risk to children

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Air pollution is a growing global concern impacting public health.
  • Pediatric respiratory illnesses like pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis are significant causes of hospitalization.
  • Understanding the link between specific air pollutants and these conditions in children is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between daily air pollution levels and hospitalizations for pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis in children (0-18 years).
  • To analyze the impact of various air pollutants (PM10, SO2, NO2, NOx, CO, O3) on pediatric respiratory hospitalizations in Bursa, Turkey.
  • To examine potential differences in hospitalization risks between male and female children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized daily air pollutant data (PM10, SO2, NO2, NOx, CO, O3) from 2013-2018 in Bursa, Turkey.
  • Employed Adjusted Quasi-Poisson regression models with distributed lags.
  • Controlled for relevant climate variables in the statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Increased levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter (PMs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were linked to higher pneumonia hospitalizations.
  • Elevated SO2, NOx, and PMs correlated with increased asthma hospitalizations.
  • Higher SO2 and O3 concentrations were associated with bronchitis hospitalizations.
  • Male hospitalizations showed associations with SO2, O3, and NOx, while female hospitalizations were primarily linked to SO2.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution significantly increases the risk of pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis hospitalizations in children.
  • Specific pollutants like SO2, O3, PMs, and NOx are key contributors to pediatric respiratory hospital admissions.
  • Findings highlight the urgent need for air quality management strategies to protect children's respiratory health in urban environments like Bursa.

Keywords:
Air pollutionasthmabronchitischildrenpneumoniatime series analysis

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