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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation
Published on: November 10, 2023
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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infection Among Lung Transplant Recipients
Shimon Izhakian1,2, Assaf Frajman, Ori Mekiten
1From the Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Zerifin, Israel.
Summary
Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections occur in 8.4% of lung transplant recipients. These infections significantly increase mortality but do not impact lung function.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary medicine
- Infectious diseases
- Transplant surgery
Background:
- Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary infections are a concern in immunocompromised individuals.
- Limited data exist on the clinical significance of NTM infections post-lung transplantation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and characteristics of NTM pulmonary infections in lung transplant recipients.
- To determine the impact of NTM infection on survival and lung function in this patient population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 690 lung transplant recipients from January 1997 to March 2019.
- Identification and speciation of NTM isolates.
- Comparison of NTM species distribution in early vs. late post-transplant periods.
- Assessment of lung function (FEV1) and survival outcomes.
Main Results:
- NTM were identified in 58 patients (8.4%) over a median follow-up of 3 years.
- Common species included Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium abscessus.
- NTM acquisition was significantly associated with decreased survival (RR 2.41, P < .001).
- No significant difference in FEV1 over time was observed between infected and non-infected patients.
Conclusions:
- The species of NTM isolated varied based on the time elapsed since transplantation.
- NTM infection in lung transplant recipients is linked to increased mortality.
- NTM infection does not appear to significantly impair lung function post-transplant.
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