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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model
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Sex Differences in Uveitis Etiology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Tom Liba1,2, Erez Bibi2, Michael Lior Gorodetsky3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Sava, Israel.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
|July 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This systematic review found sex-related differences in uveitis causes. Autoimmune uveitis is more common in females, while infectious and HLA-B27-associated uveitis are more common in males.

Keywords:
Etiologymeta-analysissex differencessystematic reviewuveitis

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Uveitis, a group of inflammatory eye conditions, can have diverse etiologies.
  • Understanding potential sex-based differences in uveitis causes is crucial for targeted diagnosis and management.
  • Previous research has suggested variations in disease prevalence between sexes, but a comprehensive synthesis is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature to identify sex-related differences in the etiologies of uveitis.
  • To quantify the association between sex and specific uveitis causes using pooled risk ratios.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of major databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science) was conducted for studies published between January 2015 and January 2025.
  • Eligible studies included cohort or cross-sectional designs reporting sex-disaggregated data on uveitis etiologies.
  • Data were independently screened and extracted by three reviewers, with quality assessment and meta-analysis using random-effects models to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • Nineteen studies from diverse global regions met the inclusion criteria.
  • Autoimmune-associated uveitis, including systemic lupus erythematosus (RR 2.44), multiple sclerosis (RR 2.39), and sarcoidosis (RR 2.02), showed a higher frequency in females.
  • Male predominance was observed for Behçet's disease (RR 0.52), sympathetic ophthalmia (RR 0.49), syphilitic uveitis (RR 0.41), and ankylosing spondylitis-associated uveitis (RR 0.55).

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex-related differences in uveitis etiologies were identified within specialist cohorts.
  • Autoimmune uveitis is relatively more common in females, whereas HLA-B27-associated and certain infectious uveitis forms are more prevalent in males.
  • These findings can aid diagnostic evaluations in clinical settings but should not be generalized as universal sex-specific prevalence patterns.