CuZrO₃: If it exists it should be a sandwich

CuZrO₃ has been hypothesized to be a catalytic material with potential applications for CO₂ reduction. Unfortunately, this material has received limited attention in the literature, and to the best of our knowledge the exact crystal structure is still unknown. To address this challenge, we utilize several different structural prediction techniques in concert, including the Universal Structure Predictor: Evolutionary Xtallography (USPEX), the Materials Project Structure Predictor, and the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD). Leveraging these structural prediction techniques in conjunction with Density-Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we determine a possible structure for CuZrO₃, which resembles a "sandwich" morphology. Our calculations reveal that this new structure is significantly lower in energy than a previously hypothesized perovskite structure, albeit it still has a thermodynamic preference to decompose into CuO and ZrO₂. In addition, we experimentally tried to synthesize CuZrO₃ based on literature reports and compared computational to experimental X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns confirming that the final product is a mixture of CuO and ZrO₂. Finally, we conducted a computational surface energetics and CO₂ adsorption study on our discovered sandwich morphology, demonstrating that CO₂ can adsorb and activate on the material. However, these CO₂ adsorption results deviate from previously reported results further confirming that the CuZrO₃ is a metastable form and may not be experimentally accessible as a well-mixed oxide, since phase segregation to CuO and ZrO₂ is preferred. Taken together, our combined computational and experimental study provides evidence that the synthesis of CuZrO₃ is extremely difficult and if this oxide exists, it should have a sandwich-like morphology.