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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types

1.9K
Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles

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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

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In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
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Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

A New Technique for Quantitative Analysis of Hair Loss in Mice Using Grayscale Analysis
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Alopecia Universalis in a Horse.

Deborah J Middleton1, Sally Church1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Princes Highway, Werribee 3030, Australia.

Veterinary Dermatology
|October 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Alopecia universalis, a rare hair loss condition, was diagnosed in a young Percheron mare. This case describes the clinical and pathological features of this equine condition.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dermatology
  • Equine Pathology

Background:

  • Alopecia universalis is a rare autoimmune condition causing complete hair loss.
  • Equine dermatological conditions require accurate diagnosis for effective management.

Observation:

  • A 3-year-old brown Percheron mare presented with generalized hair loss.
  • Clinical examination revealed complete alopecia across the body.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of alopecia universalis.
  • The findings represent a previously unreported case in horses.

Implications:

  • This case contributes to the understanding of alopecia universalis in equine medicine.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific triggers and treatment options for this condition in horses.
Keywords:
AlopeciaHorse diseases

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