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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Thoracic Empyema Caused by Campylobacter rectus.

Ryoichi Matsumoto1, Daisuke Himeji1, Ritsuya Shiiba1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|October 14, 2021
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Summary

This study reports the rare isolation of Campylobacter rectus, a primary periodontal pathogen, from a thoracic empyema case. Gram staining and advanced mass spectrometry techniques aided in identifying the bacteria in pleural effusion.

Keywords:
16S rRNA geneC. rectusCampylobacter rectusmatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometrythoracic empyema

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Campylobacter rectus is recognized as a significant periodontal pathogen.
  • Isolation of C. rectus from extraoral sites, particularly the thoracic region, is uncommon.

Observation:

  • A case of thoracic empyema is presented.
  • Initial Gram staining of pleural effusion suggested Campylobacter infection.

Findings:

  • Campylobacter rectus was successfully isolated from the thoracic empyema sample.
  • Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed the identification.
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum was also detected in the sample.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for C. rectus to cause severe extraoral infections.
  • Accurate bacterial identification using Gram staining and advanced techniques is crucial for diagnosing and managing rare infections.
  • Understanding the extraoral manifestations of periodontal pathogens broadens diagnostic considerations.