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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 17, 2025

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

Instabilities and patterns in a submerged jelling jet.

Aditi Chakrabarti¹, Salem Al-Mosleh¹, L Mahadevan^1,2,3

¹John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. lmahadev@g.harvard.edu.

|October 14, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored how fluid drag causes sodium alginate streams to coil. By controlling liquid co-extrusion, they created tunable, complex 3D filamentous structures in fluid.

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Last Updated: Oct 17, 2025

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Polymer science
Materials science

Background:

Aqueous sodium alginate streams extruding into calcium chloride baths form elastic tubes.
Ambient fluid drag induces spontaneous helical coiling in these jelling filaments.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the onset and nonlinear evolution of drag-induced instabilities in jelling filaments.
To investigate methods for controlling filament properties and creating complex 3D structures.

Main Methods:

Experimental quantification of instability onset and evolution.
Theoretical analysis using scaling arguments.
Computational simulations.
Co-extrusion of internal liquid and variation of jet diameter and flow rates.

Main Results:

Demonstrated control over local filament composition, buoyancy, shape, and mechanical properties.
Identified tunable varicose (jetting) and sinuous (buckling) instabilities.
Successfully printed complex 3D filamentous structures.

Conclusions:

Fluid drag instabilities in jelling filaments can be harnessed for controlled 3D printing.
Co-extrusion offers a method to tune filament characteristics for diverse applications.