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Diet mediates thermal performance traits: implications for marine ectotherms.

Emily A Hardison1, Krista Kraskura1, Jacey Van Wert1

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

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Diet significantly impacts ectotherm thermal acclimation. Varying diets altered cardiovascular performance and metabolism in opaleye fish, revealing trait-specific responses to temperature and food availability.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiological Ecology
  • Ectotherm Biology
  • Environmental Adaptation

Background:

  • Ectotherms rely on thermal acclimation to survive temperature fluctuations.
  • Diet provides essential energy and nutrients for successful acclimation.
  • The influence of diet on thermal acclimation responses is often underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how diet composition affects thermal acclimation in ectotherms.
  • To determine if different physiological traits exhibit varying sensitivities to temperature and diet.
  • To understand the implications for generalist ectotherms in variable environments.

Main Methods:

  • Opaleye fish (Girella nigricans) were fed either an omnivorous or carnivorous diet at 12°C and 20°C.
  • Whole-animal traits (growth, sprint speed, metabolism) were measured.
  • Organ-level (cardiac thermal tolerance) and cellular traits (oxidative stress, glycolytic capacity) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • A reduced number of diet options led to poorer cardiovascular thermal performance and higher standard metabolic rate at 20°C.
  • Sprint speed and aerobic scope were unaffected by diet or temperature.
  • Growth was sensitive to temperature, while standard metabolic rate and maximum heart rate responded to both diet and temperature.

Conclusions:

  • Diet plays a crucial role in modulating thermal performance and acclimation in ectotherms.
  • Trait-specific responses to diet and temperature create potential trade-offs for ectotherm survival.
  • Dietary flexibility may allow ectotherms to fine-tune performance across changing thermal landscapes.