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Types of RNA01:23

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum
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Non-coding RNAs in malaria infection.

Valeria Lodde1, Matteo Floris1, Maria Rosaria Muroni2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial for regulating gene expression in Plasmodium, the parasite causing malaria. These ncRNAs offer potential as biomarkers for monitoring disease status and understanding host-parasite interactions.

Keywords:
PlasmodiumlncRNAmalariamiRNAncRNA

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Parasitology
  • * Genetics

Background:

  • * Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a severe infectious disease with complex gene regulation needs for host invasion and immune evasion.
  • * Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in gene expression across organisms, including Plasmodium.
  • * Mechanisms of gene regulation in Plasmodium infection remain largely unknown, with ncRNAs implicated in critical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review recent advancements in understanding the role of ncRNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs) in Plasmodium infection.
  • * To explore the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers for monitoring malaria disease status in human hosts.
  • * To discuss the function of ncRNAs in mediating the Plasmodium-human host interplay.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of current research on ncRNAs in Plasmodium.
  • * Analysis of studies investigating gene expression regulation during Plasmodium infection.
  • * Examination of potential biomarker applications of ncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • * ncRNAs play a significant role in regulating key events during the Plasmodium parasite's multistage life cycle and virulence.
  • * Specific ncRNAs are involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation within the host.
  • * ncRNAs are implicated in the intricate interactions between the Plasmodium parasite and the human host.

Conclusions:

  • * ncRNAs are vital regulators of Plasmodium gene expression, impacting parasite development and host interaction.
  • * ncRNAs hold promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for malaria.
  • * Further research into ncRNA functions will illuminate parasite biology and inform therapeutic strategies.