Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

20.9K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
20.9K
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.2K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
6.2K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

19.3K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
19.3K
States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

1.4K
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
1.4K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

18.4K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
18.4K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

13.5K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
13.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association between Cabrol shunt and new-onset atrial fibrillation after acute type A aortic dissection surgery: a retrospective study.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Dextromethorphan-bupropion-associated pharmacovigilance signals based on the FAERS database: An observational study.

Medicine·2026
Same author

Genome-wide association study and KASP development for growth and leaf traits in Populus deltoides.

BMC genomics·2026
Same author

Discovery of Benfotiamine as a subnanomolar P2Y<sub>14</sub>R antagonist for inflammatory diseases via drug repurposing and molecular dynamics-guided mechanism elucidation.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Raman spectroscopy coupled with PLS-CNN error-min fusion strategy for conformity discrimination and amino acid quantification in yeast extracts.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026
Same author

Structure of domain walls in chiral spin liquids.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.4K

Measurement-Induced Phase Transition in the Monitored Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model.

Shao-Kai Jian1, Chunxiao Liu2, Xiao Chen3

  • 1Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We study entanglement phase transitions in monitored Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) chains. A key finding is that varying measurement rates can break symmetries, altering entanglement entropy scaling from area-law to log-scaling or volume-law.

More Related Videos

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.3K
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

9.4K
Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

7.3K
Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
12:37

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

Published on: September 4, 2015

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High Energy Physics

Background:

  • The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model describes quantum chaotic systems.
  • Continuous monitoring introduces quantum trajectories and can drive phase transitions.
  • Entanglement entropy scaling reveals critical properties of quantum many-body systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate entanglement phase transitions in monitored Brownian SYK chains.
  • To analytically derive the effective action and understand the role of symmetry breaking.
  • To characterize the different entanglement entropy scaling behaviors in various phases.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical derivation of the effective action in the large-N limit.
  • Exploration of symmetry breaking in an enlarged replica space.
  • Numerical verification of critical exponents using Schwinger-Dyson equations.

Main Results:

  • An entanglement transition is driven by symmetry breaking in the replica space.
  • Non-interacting SYK2 chains exhibit O(2) symmetry breaking, leading to log-scaling entanglement entropy (vortices) or area-law scaling.
  • Interacting SYK chains show C4 symmetry breaking, resulting in volume-law entanglement entropy due to domain wall costs.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous monitoring of SYK chains can induce distinct entanglement phases.
  • Symmetry breaking in replica space is the mechanism behind these entanglement transitions.
  • The nature of the symmetry (continuous vs. discrete) dictates the resulting entanglement scaling laws.