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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Enzymes02:34

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Artificial metalloenzymes in a nutshell: the quartet for efficient catalysis.

Paul Ebensperger1, Claudia Jessen-Trefzer1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany.

Biological Chemistry
|October 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Artificial metalloenzymes merge metal catalysis with enzyme control for bioorthogonal chemistry and biocatalysis. Advances enable powerful systems, offering new avenues in drug discovery and green chemistry.

Keywords:
in vivo catalysisbiocatalysisnew-to-nature reactivityprotein engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis and Bioorthogonal Chemistry

Background:

  • Artificial metalloenzymes integrate transition metal catalysis with enzyme-like control.
  • They offer solutions for limitations in drug discovery and green chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges and opportunities in designing artificial metalloenzymes.
  • To provide insights for researchers new to the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent articles on artificial metalloenzymes.
  • Synthesis of information on design, catalysis, and applications.

Main Results:

  • Advances in organometallic catalysis, directed evolution, and bioinformatics are crucial.
  • Designed systems increasingly outperform conventional catalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial metalloenzymes present significant potential in various chemical research fields.
  • Continued research is vital for overcoming design challenges and expanding applications.