Electroreduction of CO₂to ethanol by electrochemically deposited Cu-lignin complexes on Ni foam electrodes

A low cost, non-toxic and highly selective catalyst based on a Cu-lignin molecular complex is developed for CO₂electroreduction to ethanol. Ni foam (NF), Cu-Ni foam (Cu-NF) and Cu-lignin-Ni foam (Cu-lignin-NF) were prepared by a facile and reproducible electrochemical deposition method. The electrochemical CO₂reduction activity of Cu-lignin-NF was found to be higher than Cu-NF. A maximum faradaic efficiency of 23.2% with current density of 22.5 mA cm^-2was obtained for Cu-lignin-NF at -0.80 V (versus RHE) in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄towards ethanol production. The enhancement of catalytic performance is attributed to the growth of the number of active sites and the change of oxidation states of Cu and NF due to the presence of lignin.