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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Overview
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Primary immunodeficiency and the microbiome.

Maryam Ali Al-Nesf1,2, David Morgan3, Vidya Mohamed-Ali4,2

  • 1Allergy and Immunology Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|October 15, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut bacteria, is linked to inflammation and complications in primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID). Research is exploring microbiome-targeted therapies for PID, offering potential new treatment avenues.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a diverse group of genetic disorders affecting the immune system.
  • The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining host immune homeostasis, particularly in the intestine.
  • Imbalances in the diet-microbiota-host-immunity axis, characterized by loss of microbial diversity and dysbiosis, are implicated in PID manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the relationship between the microbiota and clinical manifestations in patients with primary immunodeficiency.
  • To explore the role of microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory processes within PID.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome in PID.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on the gut microbiome in primary immunodeficiency diseases.
  • Analysis of the impact of microbial dysbiosis on immune dysregulation and inflammation in PID.
  • Synthesis of current research on therapeutic interventions related to the microbiome in PID.

Main Results:

  • Data suggests that alterations in microbial diversity and dysbiosis are associated with clinical manifestations and complications in PID.
  • The microbiome appears crucial for maintaining intestinal immune control, and its imbalance contributes to inflammatory processes.
  • While the link between the microbiome and humoral immunodeficiency is recognized, its therapeutic potential in PID is an active area of investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is a significant factor in the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of PID.
  • Understanding the interplay between the microbiome and the immune system in PID opens avenues for novel therapeutic approaches.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate and harness the therapeutic potential of microbiome modulation in PID, especially for combined humoral and cellular immunodeficiencies.