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Plastic Deformations

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...

Plastic Behavior

Plastic Behavior

A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...

Temperature Dependent Deformation

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...

Plasticity

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry

When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes

Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes

Published on: December 13, 2016

Probability distribution for heat exchange in plastic deformation.

W Dednam^1,2,3, M J Caturla^2,3, A E Botha¹

¹Department of Physics, Science Campus, University of South Africa, Florida Park, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa.

Physical Review. E

|October 16, 2021

Summary

This study reveals that heat exchange in deforming aluminum nanowires follows a distribution consistent with fluctuation theorems. This finding bridges nonequilibrium experiments with equilibrium thermodynamics for small systems.

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Area of Science:

Thermodynamics
Materials Science
Statistical Mechanics

Background:

Fluctuation theorems connect nonequilibrium experiments to equilibrium thermodynamics.
Probability distribution functions (PDFs) are crucial for fluctuation theorems, but often non-Gaussian and asymmetric in small systems.
Previous work on van Hove correlation functions yielded symmetric PDFs, hindering fluctuation theorem applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the PDF of heat exchanged during plastic deformation of aluminum nanowires.
To assess the applicability of fluctuation theorems to nonequilibrium processes in small systems.
To reconcile the symmetry of van Hove correlation function PDFs with the asymmetry often observed in physical quantities.

Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics calculations of heat exchange in aluminum nanowires.
Analysis of the probability distribution function (PDF) of the exchanged heat.
Calculation of a symmetry function to characterize the PDF's properties.

Main Results:

The PDF of heat exchanged during plastic deformation is centrally Gaussian with asymmetric exponential tails.
This distribution is consistent with fluctuation theorems.
The symmetry function confirms the PDF's compatibility with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

The PDF of heat exchanged provides a viable route for applying fluctuation theorems to nonequilibrium processes.
This approach overcomes limitations posed by symmetric PDFs derived from correlation functions.
Findings offer insights into thermodynamics of small systems and materials deformation.