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This study explores two-photon interference (TPI) using weak coherent pulses at the single-photon level. Findings clarify TPI physics, crucial for quantum information technologies and quantum communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Experimental quantum optics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Two-photon interference (TPI) is vital for quantum information and communication.
  • Recent advances utilize phase-randomized weak coherent states for quantum communication.
  • Understanding TPI at the single-photon level is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate TPI experiments with weak coherent pulses at the single-photon level.
  • Quantitatively analyze TPI results using counting rates and fringe shapes.
  • Compare TPI of weak coherent pulses with that of correlated photons.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental examination of Hong-Ou-Mandel-type TPI with phase-randomized weak coherent pulses.
  • Analysis of single- and coincidence-counting rates.
  • Measurement of one- and two-photon interference-fringe shapes.

Main Results:

  • Observed interference patterns, including visibility and fringe shapes, are explainable by classical intensity correlation.
  • The underlying physics of TPI is interpreted as two-photon state interference at the single-photon level.
  • Experimental comparison between TPI of weak coherent pulses and correlated photons was performed.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive understanding of two-photon interference for coherent light at the single-photon level.
  • This research contributes to the foundational knowledge required for advancing quantum information technologies.
  • Clarifies the quantum mechanical interpretation of TPI phenomena observed with classical light sources.