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Smart Bioinspired Actuators: Crawling, Linear, and Bending Motions through a Multilayer Design.

Dipankar Barpuzary1, Hyeonseong Ham1, Dohyeon Park1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel multilayer soft actuator design enabling complex muscle-like movements. This breakthrough in ionic electroactive polymers offers high performance at low voltages for advanced soft robotics and wearable technology.

Keywords:
bioinspiredcomplex deformationslow-voltage operationporous interlayersmart actuators

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators are key for wearable tech due to their energy conversion capabilities.
  • Current trilayer designs limit actuators to bending, hindering complex motions and low-voltage applications.
  • Nonlinear responses in IEAPs restrict their full potential in next-generation devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel multilayer IEAP actuator design for complex, biomimetic deformations.
  • To overcome limitations of traditional trilayer designs for enhanced actuator functionality.
  • To achieve high-performance linear motion in soft actuators at low driving voltages.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a multilayer soft actuator with a hierarchically ordered porous stretchable interlayer.
  • Electromechanical characterization under low-voltage (3 V) ambient conditions.
  • Performance testing including actuation strain, switching speed, cycle stability, and blocking force.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 6.5% linear actuation strain with rapid 0.8 s switching speed.
  • Demonstrated stable performance over 5000 cycles in air.
  • Produced 4.2 mN linear blocking force at ±3 V, enabling low-voltage linear motion.
  • Successfully demonstrated a walkable spider robot powered by the actuators.

Conclusions:

  • The new multilayer design enables complex deformations, mimicking biological systems.
  • The actuators exhibit excellent electromechanical properties and fast charging kinetics.
  • This technology provides a platform for advanced soft robotics, wearable exosuits, and biomimetic devices powered by portable batteries.