Extended parallel process model (EPPM) in evaluating lung Cancer risk perception among older smokers

Area of Science:

• Health Psychology
• Behavioral Science
• Public Health

Background:

• Limited research exists on applying fear appeals theories to lung cancer risk perception in smokers.
• This study addresses this gap by investigating smokers' perceptions using the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).

Purpose of the Study:

• To apply the EPPM to assess smokers' perceptions of lung cancer susceptibility, severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy.
• To explore the relationship between these perceptions and readiness to quit smoking.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 215 eligible smokers (aged 45+ years, smoking 1+ pack/day for 5+ years).
• Data collected via validated self-report questionnaires measuring EPPM constructs and readiness to quit.
• Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) used to analyze data and test the EPPM framework.

Main Results:

• Significant relationships were found between perceived susceptibility and response/self-efficacy.
• Perceived severity was significantly related to response efficacy.
• Perceived threat showed significant relationships with response and self-efficacy.
• High readiness to quit was significantly associated with perceived self-efficacy and severity, but not perceived threat.

Conclusions:

• Perceived threat and efficacy are crucial for smokers with low readiness to quit.
• Perceived efficacy is most important for smokers with high readiness to quit.
• Findings can inform lung cancer awareness campaigns and tailored smoking cessation programs based on individual stages of change.