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Updated: Oct 16, 2025
Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
Published on: August 22, 2022
Anatomical Variations of the Bifid Mandibular Canal on Panoramic Radiographs in Citizens from Zagreb, Croatia
Ante Miličević1, Ivan Salarić1, Petar Đanić1
1Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
Background:
The bifid mandibular canal (BMC) is an anatomical variation with reported prevalence ranging from 0.08 to 65%. Identifying anatomical variations of mandibular canal is very important in order to prevent possible complications during oral surgical and other dental procedures.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and to classify the morphology of BMCs using digital panoramic radiographs.
Material And Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted that included 1008 digital panoramic radiographs (412 female and 596 male) used to identify the type of BMC. Panoramic radiographs were analyzed by three oral surgeons and one dentist, and BMCs were classified into six different types, 4 types according to Langlais et al. (types 1-4), and two new types (types 5 and 6) described by authors.
Results:
The prevalence of BMC was 4.66% (n=47), with no significant differences in gender between BMC types (P=0.947; χ0.74). The prevalence of type 1 BMC was 0.79% (n=8), type 2 2.08% (n=21), type 3 0.30% (n=3), type 4 0% (n=0), type 5 0.89% (n=9) and type 6 0.60% (n=6).
Conclusion:
This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of BMCs among Zagreb citizens. Furthermore, two new types of BMCs were described. These results stress the importance of a careful and thorough radiographic analysis prior to each invasive procedure in the mandible.
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