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Complete blood count alterations in COVID-19 patients: A narrative review

Mariangela Palladino1

  • 1Emergency Department, Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Biochemia Medica
|October 18, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Complete blood count alterations, including decreased platelets and lymphocytes, are linked to severe COVID-19. These hematological markers may aid in predicting disease progression and guiding treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presents a significant global health challenge.
  • Unpredictable clinical trajectories in COVID-19 patients necessitate reliable prognostic markers.
  • Hematological parameters have emerged as potential indicators of disease severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on complete blood count (CBC) changes in COVID-19.
  • To summarize the role of specific hematological parameters in disease course and outcomes.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for progressive COVID-19 disease.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on hematological alterations in COVID-19.
  • Analysis of studies correlating CBC parameters with disease severity.
  • Synthesis of data on prognostic value of neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, and hemoglobin.

Main Results:

  • Decreased counts of platelets, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, eosinophils, and basophils are associated with COVID-19.
  • Increased neutrophil count and elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios correlate with worse outcomes.
  • Specific CBC parameters show potential as biomarkers for disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Complete blood count analysis provides valuable insights into COVID-19 severity.
  • Hematological parameters can assist in early identification of high-risk patients.
  • These findings support the use of CBC for diagnosis, complication prevention, and therapeutic guidance.

Keywords:
COVID-19 virus diseasecritical carehaematology

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