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Enriched Environment Prevents Surgery-Induced Persistent Neural Inhibition and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Shana Yang1, Song Zhang1, Wenting Tang1

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Neuroscience Program, Zhongshan School of Medicine and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|October 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Aging increases susceptibility to perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). An enriched environment (EE) before surgery prevented neural inhibition and cognitive decline in aged mice, suggesting a potential intervention.

Keywords:
agingenriched environmentin vivo two-photon imagingneuroinflammationneuronal activityperioperative neurocognitive disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a significant concern, particularly in aging populations.
  • The underlying neural mechanisms linking aging, surgery, and cognitive decline remain poorly understood.
  • Aging is a known risk factor for developing PND, including delirium and long-term cognitive dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of PND in aged mice.
  • To explore the impact of anesthesia and surgery on neuronal activity in the prelimbic cortex.
  • To determine if an enriched environment (EE) can mitigate surgery-induced cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in aged mice.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring dynamic neuronal activity in the prelimbic cortex of adult and aged mice before and after surgery.
  • Assessing microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression post-surgery.
  • Evaluating the effects of an enriched environment (EE) on neural activity, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Anesthesia and surgery, not anesthesia alone, caused prolonged neuronal inhibition in aged mice post-operation.
  • This neural inhibition correlated with increased microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokines.
  • An enriched environment (EE) completely prevented neural inhibition and neuroinflammation, improving cognitive function in aged mice.

Conclusions:

  • Prolonged neural inhibition in the prelimbic cortex is linked to PND in aged mice.
  • EE prior to surgery effectively alleviates surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation.
  • EE represents a promising strategy to mitigate PND in aging individuals.