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Characterizing Enterotypes in Human Metagenomics: A Viral Perspective.

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Researchers identified two distinct viral enterotypes in the human gut microbiome, revealing patterns in viral composition across diverse populations and ages. These viral enterotypes offer potential for early disease screening.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Human Health

Background:

  • Understanding viral species' diversity and mutation rates is crucial for human health insights.
  • Viral enterotypes, describing gut virome composition, remain understudied.
  • Previous research has not thoroughly characterized the human gut virome's characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate human gut virome composition using large-scale sequencing data.
  • To identify and characterize distinct viral enterotypes within the gut microbiome.
  • To explore the relationship between viral enterotypes and host phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2,690 metagenomes from seven countries with diverse phenotypes.
  • Utilized sequencing data to determine gut virome composition.
  • Applied enterotyping methods independently across projects to ensure robustness.

Main Results:

  • The gut virome was dominated by double-stranded DNA viruses.
  • Two distinct viral enterotypes were identified, supporting a discrete distribution.
  • Viral enterotype composition differed between young children and adults.
  • Individuals with severe bile acid secretion disorders showed less homogeneous viromes.
  • Enterotyping was robust despite variations in sequencing platforms and library construction.

Conclusions:

  • The human gut virome can be broadly classified into two main viral enterotypes.
  • Viral enterotype assignment is critically dependent on the relative abundance of enterotype-specific viruses.
  • Viral enterotypes provide a potential covariate for early disease screening, but context is crucial for disease prediction.