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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Optic Nerve Head Hemoglobin Levels in Glaucoma: A Structural and Functional Correlation Study.

Janaina A G Rocha1,2,3, Diego T Dias1,4, Maria Betânia C Lemos2,3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 18, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced optic nerve head hemoglobin (ONH Hb) may precede visual field changes in early glaucoma. This study found significant associations between ONH Hb, structural damage, and functional vision loss in glaucoma patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Glaucoma Research

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Early detection and monitoring of glaucoma progression are crucial for effective management.
  • Optic nerve head (ONH) structure and function are key indicators of glaucoma damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between optic nerve head hemoglobin (ONH Hb) levels and structural/functional damage in glaucoma patients.
  • To assess the utility of automated colorimetric analysis of retinography for ONH Hb estimation.
  • To explore the relationship between ONH Hb, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, and visual field mean deviation (VFMD).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of healthy controls and glaucoma patients across various disease stages.
  • Comprehensive eye assessments including visual field testing (SAP), color fundus imaging, and SD-OCT for pRNFL thickness.
  • Automated software (Laguna ONhE) used to quantify ONH Hb and calculate the glaucoma discriminant function (GDF) index.
  • Statistical analysis including regression to determine correlations between GDF, pRNFL, and VFMD.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in all evaluated parameters were observed between glaucomatous and control eyes (p ≤ 0.001).
  • Pronounced changes in GDF values were noted in early glaucoma stages.
  • Significant nonlinear correlations were found between GDF and VFMD (R²=0.295) and between pRNFL thickness and VFMD (R²=0.598).
  • A linear correlation was established between GDF and pRNFL thickness (R²=0.195).

Conclusions:

  • ONH Hb levels are significantly associated with both structural (pRNFL) and functional (VFMD) damage in glaucoma.
  • The observed nonlinear correlation and GDF behavior suggest that reduced ONH Hb may be an early indicator of glaucoma, potentially preceding detectable visual function deficits.