Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

56.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
56.4K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.8K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.8K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

889
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
889
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

5.1K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
5.1K
The Retina01:32

The Retina

71.6K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
71.6K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.8K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Airways to Arteries: Dissecting the Inflammatory Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in a Murine Model of Chronic Airway Inflammation.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

A digital twin approach for simultaneous reconstruction of brain anatomy and dynamics from neural data.

PLOS digital health·2026
Same author

Cardio-kidney-metabolic overlap in patients with severe heart failure: Data from the HELP-HF registry.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

A brain-penetrant chimeric protein combines direct glioma targeting with myeloid cell-mediated immune reprogramming.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same author

Effective correction of extreme capacitive artifacts in TMS-EEG via windowed detrending.

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

Trip Detection Algorithms for Healthy and Amputee Individuals.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same journal

Adolescent social isolation induces persistent impairments in emotional discrimination and helping behavior.

eNeuro·2026
Same journal

Increased Ih Current Is Associated with Reduced Hippocampal CA1 Excitability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

eNeuro·2026
Same journal

Reduced SuM Activation Accompanies Impaired Social Novelty Recognition in Mouse Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

eNeuro·2026
Same journal

Do Not Forget the Stimulus: A Missing Control in Naturalistic Studies of Neural Entrainment.

eNeuro·2026
Same journal

Development and Characterization of Conformation-Preferring Antibodies Targeting Phosphorylated Threonine 19 in PSD-95.

eNeuro·2026
Same journal

Experience-dependent plasticity of periglomerular cells in the olfactory bulb.

eNeuro·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.6K

Narrow and Broad γ Bands Process Complementary Visual Information in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex.

Nicolò Meneghetti1,2, Chiara Cerri3,4,5, Elena Tantillo3,6,7

  • 1The Biorobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56025, Italy.

Eneuro
|October 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In rodent visual cortex, distinct gamma band frequencies encode different contrast levels. Narrow band gamma (NB) reflects low contrast via thalamic input, while broad band gamma (BB) reflects high contrast through cortical circuits.

Keywords:
broad γ bandlocal field potentialnarrow γ bandspiking neuronal networkvisual contrastvisual cortex

More Related Videos

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.3K
A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.6K
Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.3K
A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity
10:05

A Large Lateral Craniotomy Procedure for Mesoscale Wide-field Optical Imaging of Brain Activity

Published on: May 7, 2017

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Visual Processing

Background:

  • The gamma band is crucial for visual feature encoding in the primary visual cortex (V1).
  • Two gamma band ranges, broad gamma (BB) and narrow gamma (NB), show differential contrast sensitivity in rodent V1.
  • The specific roles and origins of these gamma bands remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the functional roles of BB and NB gamma bands in visual contrast encoding.
  • To investigate the neural circuits underlying the modulation of BB and NB gamma bands.
  • To develop and validate a network model for visual stimulus processing in V1.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental recordings in awake mice with computational simulations.
  • Utilized a leaky integrate-and-fire neural network model.
  • Analyzed gamma band power modulation in response to varying contrast levels and contrast reversals.

Main Results:

  • NB gamma band carries low-contrast information and is modulated by thalamic drive.
  • BB gamma band carries high-contrast information and depends on cortical excitatory-inhibitory interactions.
  • Complementary modulations of NB and BB were accurately reproduced by the network model with specific thalamic inputs.

Conclusions:

  • Thalamic-driven NB gamma plays a critical role in encoding visual contrast in rodents.
  • A recurrent excitatory-inhibitory network model effectively simulates V1 responses to visual stimuli.
  • This model can aid in studying visual information processing and network dysfunction.